What is a circular virus?

Abstract. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are covalently closed long noncoding RNAs critical in diverse cellular activities and multiple human diseases. Several cancer-related viral circRNAs have been identified in double-stranded DNA viruses (dsDNA), yet no systematic study about the viral circRNAs has been reported.

What virus has a circular DNA?

Double-stranded circular animal DNA viruses consist of the Papillomaviridae and the Polyomaviridae families (Fauquet et al., 2005). Single-stranded circular genome viruses infecting plants include the Geminiviridae and Nanoviridae families.

Are viruses circles?

Viruses are classified as helical, spherical or irregular, depending on the shape of their viral capsid which encapsulates and protects the genetic material of the virus, as well as aids with infection of the host.

Is viral RNA circular?

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently identified class of ubiquitously expressed RNAs found in eukaryotes, archaea, and viruses. DNA viruses Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, Epstein–Barr virus, and human papillomavirus encode circRNAs.

What is the function of circular DNA?

It carries genetic material in the form of a linear sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA ). In prokaryotes, or cells without a nucleus, the chromosome represents circular DNA containing the entire genome.

Where is circular DNA found?

Chromosome. A chromosome is a threadlike structure found in the nucleus of most cells. It carries genetic material in the form of a linear sequence of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA ). In prokaryotes, or cells without a nucleus, the chromosome represents circular DNA containing the entire genome.

Do humans have circular DNA?

In general, human pathogen-related small circular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules are bacterial plasmids and a group of viral genomes. On the other hand, human cells may contain several types of small circular DNA molecules including mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).

What are circular single-stranded DNA viruses?

Circular single-stranded DNA viruses infect archaea, bacteria, and eukaryotic organisms.

How can I sequence a circular DNA virus using PCR?

Traditionally, sequencing of circular DNA viruses has been undertaken using either conserved restriction enzyme sites or PCR primer binding sites to first selectively linearize/amplify viral DNA from a complex sample.

What are viruses?

General Concepts Structure and Function Viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites, which by definition contain either a RNA or DNA genome surrounded by a protective, virus-coded protein coat. Viruses may be viewed as mobile genetic elements, most probably of cellular origin and characterized by a long co-evolution of virus and host.

What are circcircular RNAs?

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a recently discovered class of noncoding RNAs found in many species across the eukaryotic kingdom. These intriguing RNA species are formed through a unique mechanism that is known as back splicing in which the 5′ and 3′ termini are covalently joined. Recent research has …