What is vertical contact transmission?

Vertical transmission: Passage of a disease-causing agent (pathogen) from mother to baby during the period immediately before and after birth. Transmission might occur across the placenta, in the breast milk, or through direct contact during or after birth.

What is airborne transmission?

How Airborne Transmission Works. Airborne diseases are bacteria or viruses that are most commonly transmitted through small respiratory droplets. These droplets are expelled when someone with the airborne disease sneezes, coughs, laughs, or otherwise exhales in some way.

What are the 4 routes of transmission?

Routes of transmission

• Direct Contact Transmission. Direct contact transmission occurs through direct body contact with the tissues or fluids of an infected individual.
• Fomite Transmission.
• Aerosol (Airborne) Transmission.
• Oral (Ingestion) Transmission.
• Vector-Borne Transmission.
• Zoonotic Transmission.

What is the difference between horizontal and vertical mode of transmission?

In general, transmission of viruses can occur through two pathways: horizontal and vertical transmission. In horizontal transmission, viruses are transmitted among individuals of the same generation, while vertical transmission occurs from mothers to their offspring.

What is the difference between droplet and airborne transmission?

Traditionally, droplets are defined as large (>5 microns) aqueous bodies. However, airborne (or aerosolized) transmission of the virus has been proposed as a source of infection almost since the inception of the COVID pandemic. By comparison to droplets, aerosolized particles are infinitesimal.

What are the 8 modes of transmission?

Modes of transmission

• Direct. Direct contact. Droplet spread.
• Indirect. Airborne. Vehicleborne. Vectorborne (mechanical or biologic)

What are the modes of transmission of diseases?

What are the modes of transmission of communicable diseases?

A communicable disease is one that is spread from one person to another through a variety of ways that include: contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an insect.

What is horizontal mode of transmission?

Horizontal transmission is the transmission of organisms between biotic and/or abiotic members of an ecosystem that are not in a parent-progeny relationship. This concept has been generalized to include transmissions of infectious agents, symbionts, and cultural traits between humans.

What is the mode of transmission of syphilis?

Transmission. Syphilis is transmitted primarily by sexual contact or during pregnancy from a mother to her baby; the spirochete is able to pass through intact mucous membranes or compromised skin. It is thus transmissible by kissing near a lesion, as well as oral, vaginal, and anal sex.

What are the different types of picornaviridae?

Classification and Antigenic Types. The family Picornaviridae comprises five genera: Enterovirus, Hepatovirus and Rhinovirus, which infect humans: Apthovirus (foot-and-mouth disease virus), which infects cloven-hoofed animals and occasionally humans; and Cardiovirus, which infects rodents.

How is per-partnership syphilis transmission risk measured?

Studies that measure syphilis incidence in untreated, seronegative contacts exposed to a known syphilis case have also been used to estimate per-partnership syphilis transmission risk.

What is the pathophysiology of primary syphilis?

Primary chancre of syphilis at the site of infection on the penis. Primary syphilis is typically acquired by direct sexual contact with the infectious lesions of another person. Approximately 3 to 90 days after the initial exposure (average 21 days) a skin lesion, called a chancre, appears at the point of contact.