What is the difference between HHNS and DKA?

DKA typically evolves within a few hours, whereas HHNS is much slower and occurs over days to weeks, according to 2021 research . The two conditions look similar because of the hyperglycemia component of each condition. Knowing the symptoms of each can help you seek medical care as soon as possible.

How can you tell the difference between DKA and HHS?

The serum glucose is below 800 mg/dL and usually in the 350-500 mg/dL range. DKA usually evolves rapidly. In HHS, there is little or no ketoacidosis and the serum glucose concentration frequently exceeds 1000 mg/dL. HHS usually evolves over a period of several days.

What is HHS and DKA?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) are the two most serious metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). These disorders can occur in both type 1 and type 2 DM. DKA is characterized by hyperglycemia, ketone body formation and metabolic acidosis.

Why does HHS have higher glucose than DKA?

In addition, DKA patients tend to be younger than HHS patients, and thereby have a higher glomerular filtration rate. Accordingly, DKA patients have a greater ability to excrete glucose in urine and can thereby limit the hyperglycemia.

What is HHNS?

Hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome (HHNS) is a life-threatening complication of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. This syndrome is characterised by severe hyperglycaemia, a marked increase in serum osmolality, and clinical evidence of dehydration without significant accumulation of ketoacids.

How is HHNS diagnosed?

Diagnosis. HHNS is diagnosed based on symptoms and by measuring blood glucose levels, which can be performed with a finger stick. A blood glucose level of 600 mg/dL and low ketone levels are the main factors for diagnosis of HHNS.

What are the most common factors for DKA and HHS What is the main difference in HHS?

Both DKA and HHS are characterized by hyperglycemia and absolute or relative insulinopenia. Clinically, they differ by the severity of dehydration, ketosis, and metabolic acidosis (17). DKA most often occurs in patients with T1D.

What does hyperosmolar mean?

The loss of water also makes the blood more concentrated than normal. This is called hyperosmolarity. It is a condition in which the blood has a high concentration of salt (sodium), glucose, and other substances. This draws the water out of the body’s other organs, including the brain.

Is DKA more common than HHS?

DKA is more common in young (<65 years) patients, whereas hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) most commonly develops in individuals older than 65 years [1,2].

Is DKA a hyperosmolar state?

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) is one of two serious metabolic derangements that occur in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). It is a life-threatening emergency that, although less common than its counterpart, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), has a much higher mortality rate, reaching up to 5-10%.

What happens in HHNS?

When HHNS affects a person with diabetes, blood sugar levels rise and the body passes excess sugar into the urine. This causes regular bathroom trips, and over time this affects the colour of the liquid.

What is the difference between HHS DKA and HHS hhsdka?

HHSDKA Vs. HHS DKA HHS Glucose 250-600 >600 Sodium 125-135 135-145 Potassium Normal/inc Normal Bicarbonate <15meq/l Normal/slightly reduced Arterial pH <7.3 >7.3 Anion gap Increased Normal/slightly increased pCO2 20-30 Normal Osmolality 300-320 >320 76.

What are diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are acute metabolic complications of diabetes mellitus that can occur in patients with both type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.

What is the resolution of DKA and HHS?

The resolution of DKA is reached when the blood glucose is < 200 mg/dl, serum bicarbonate is ≥15 mEq/L, pH is >7.30 and anion gap is ≤12 mEq/L (17). HHS is resolved when serum osmolality is < 320 mOsm/kg with a gradual recovery to mental alertness. The latter may take twice as long as to achieve blood glucose control.

What is the normal range for HHS DKA?

HHS DKA HHS Glucose 250-600 >600 Sodium 125-135 135-145 Potassium Normal/inc Normal Bicarbonate <15meq/l Normal/slightly reduced Arterial pH <7.3 >7.3 Anion gap Increased Normal/slightly increased pCO2 20-30 Normal Osmolality 300-320 >320 76.