What is cervical cancer?

Cancer cells invade nearby tissues and can break off from a tumor to spread (metastasize) elsewhere in the body. It isn’t clear what causes cervical cancer, but it’s certain that HPV plays a role. HPV is very common, and most women with the virus never develop cervical cancer.

What are the signs and symptoms of advanced cervical cancer?

Signs and symptoms of more-advanced cervical cancer include: Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that concern you. Two types of cells line the surface of the cervix, and both can become cancerous. One type (glandular cells) has a column-shaped appearance. The other type (squamous cells) is thin and flat.

What is adenocarcinoma cervical cancer?

Adenocarcinoma. This type of cervical cancer begins in the column-shaped glandular cells that line the cervical canal. Sometimes, both types of cells are involved in cervical cancer. Very rarely, cancer occurs in other cells in the cervix. HPV infection: How does it cause cervical cancer? Risk factors for cervical cancer include:

What is the transformation zone of cervical cancer?

These two cell types meet at a place called the transformation zone. The exact location of the transformation zone changes as you get older and if you give birth. Most cervical cancers begin in the cells in the transformation zone. These cells do not suddenly change into cancer.

Are all cervical cancers squamous cell carcinomas?

Most (up to 9 out of 10) cervical cancers are squamous cell carcinomas. These cancers develop from cells in the exocervix and the cancer cells have features of squamous cells under the microscope. Although almost all cervical cancers are either squamous cell carcinomas or adenocarcinomas, other types of cancer also can develop in the cervix.

What is cervical cancer and how does it spread?

Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control. Cancer is always named for the part of the body where it starts, even if it spreads to other body parts later. When cancer starts in the cervix, it is called cervical cancer.

What are the treatment options for cervical cancer?

If signs of cervical cancer are present, treatment options for invasive cancer include surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy and patients need to be referred to the right level of services.

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