What causes Aqueductal stenosis?

Aqueductal stenosis is one of the known causes of hydrocephalus and the most common cause of congenital (present at birth) hydrocephalus. It can also be acquired during childhood or adulthood. In some cases, this is due to a brain tumor compression (such as a pineal tumor) surrounding the aqueduct of Sylvius.

What is the common cause of communicating hydrocephalus?

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a form of communicating hydrocephalus that can strike people at any age, but it is most common among the elderly. It may result from a subarachnoid hemorrhage, head trauma, infection, tumor or complications of surgery.

What is the most common cause of obstructive hydrocephalus in infants?

The most common cause of acquired hydrocephalus in infants is hemorrhage, most often as a consequence of prematurity. Other important causes include neoplasm and infection, usually bacterial meningitis.

What is congenital aqueductal stenosis?

Congenital aqueductal stenosis is a form of noncommunicating hydrocephalus in which a complete or partial obstruction of CSF flow at the aqueduct of Sylvius during fetal life results in dilation of the lateral and third ventricles and increased intracranial pressure.

What is hydrocephalus due to aqueductal stenosis?

Hydrocephalus due to congenital stenosis of aqueduct of sylvius (HSAS) is a form of L1 syndrome, which is an inherited disorder that primarily affects the nervous system. Males with HSAS are typically born with severe hydrocephalus and adducted thumbs (bent towards the palm).

What is the difference between hydranencephaly and hydrocephalus?

The brainstem is seen in hydranencephaly and hydrocephalus. The key to distinguishing hydrocephalus from hydranencephaly is the presence of a thin rim of residual cerebral cortical tissue in hydrocephalus that is not present in hydranencephaly.

Can hydranencephaly be detected?

Hydranencephaly can usually be detected at birth due to an enlarged head. Some infants may appear healthy at birth but may later fail to grow at a normal rate. Irritability, poor feeding, infantile spasms or seizures, and spasticity or rigidity of arms and legs are symptomatic of this disorder.

Is communicating hydrocephalus serious?

Communicating hydrocephalus (non-obstructive hydrocephalus) is caused by inadequate reabsorption of CSF. The excessive accumulation of CSF results in an abnormal enlargement of the spaces in the brain called ventricles. This causes potentially harmful pressure on the tissues of the brain.

How does sah cause hydrocephalus?

SAH can cause hydrocephalus by 2 mechanisms: obstruction of CSF pathways (ie, acute, obstructive, noncommunicating type) and blockage of arachnoid granulations by scarring (ie, delayed, nonobstructive, communicating type).

What infections can cause hydrocephalus?

Lesions or tumors of the brain or spinal cord. Central nervous system infections, such as bacterial meningitis or mumps. Bleeding in the brain from a stroke or head injury. Other traumatic injury to the brain.

What causes hydrocephalus in newborns?

There is no one cause for the type of hydrocephalus babies are born with. It may be linked to a genetic defect or a complication of another disorder, such as spina bifida or encephaloceles. Children may also develop hydrocephalus after birth as a complication of: premature birth.

What is Stahl’s ear deformity?

A Stahl’s ear deformity consists of an extra cartilage fold in the scapha portion of the ear. This results in a pointed ear shape. Stahl’s ear is caused by misshapen cartilage.

What is pediatric Stahl’s ear?

What is Pediatric Stahl’s Ear? The Stahl’s ear deformity occurs when an extra crease or fold is present in the cartilage of the ear. This extra fold extends through to the helical rim and tends to give the ear a prominent appearance and often a pointed shape.

What is Stahl’s deformity?

Please compare the normal ear in photo to right in to Stahl’s ears in gallery below.. Adult anatomic and surgical studies (Yotsuyanagi PRS July 2015) have affirmed that the Stahl’s deformity is largely related to the abnormal insertion of the auricular transverse muscle which creates the abnormal transverse crus crossing the scapha.

How is Stahl’s ear corrected?

Surgery to correct Stahl’s ear involves reshaping, repositioning and closing up (suturing) the abnormal cartilage to reverse the pointed shape of the ear. Although a general anesthetic is needed, the operation is done on an outpatient basis and your child will be able to return home the same day.